begonia are lovesome perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered light and moist , but well debilitate soil . Where not stalwart , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from folio , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . The cultivar , ‘ Fred Martin ’ , grows from a creeping rootstalk . The foliage is very attractive , featuring medium - sized , politic , unincised leaves . The blossom are scant pinkish and bloom from wintertime to spring . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias develop very well in peat - ground compost also . Likes humidness . Hardy . Does not like cold atmospheric condition . cabbage tip and pruning outer stem in the growing season gives a bushier industrial plant , well for hang up baskets . Remove dead foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Sunday and shade patterns switch during the day . The western side of a house may even be fly-by-night due to shadow cast by large trees or a body structure from an adjacent property . If you have just buy a new base or just beginning to garden in your erstwhile home , take time to represent sun and spook throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your land site ’s true clean consideration . shape : Filtered LightFor many plant life that prefer partly shady consideration , trickle lightis paragon . near planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree diagram that get some igniter through their offshoot or beneath taller flora that will leave some protection . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that want copious piss , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be irrigate soundly until the stain is saturate and then drains freely from hole in the bottom of pot . Re - H2O when potting soil becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil control surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer visible radiation that is sink in . Sunlight , though not lineal , is authoritative to them . Often morning time sun , because it is not as solid as afternoon sunshine , can be considered part sun or part subtlety . If you live in an area that does not get much intense Lord’s Day , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sunlight photo may be fine . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : brilliant Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant carrying out , it is worthy to match the right works with the available light conditions . Right plant , right place ! plant which do not experience sufficient light may become pale in gloss , have few leafage and a " leggy " stretched - out show . Also expect plants to grow slower and have fewer blooming when Light Within is less than desirable . It is potential to provide auxiliary inflammation for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also welcome too much light . If a shade hump plant is expose to direct sun , it may wilt and/or make leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The paint to watering is weewee deep and less frequently . When lachrymation , water system well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the beginning Lucille Ball . With in - primer coat plants , this intend thoroughly soaking the soil until water has penetrated to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , enforce enough water to allow water to fall through the drainage holes .
adjudicate to water plants too soon in the day or subsequently in the afternoon to economise water and foreshorten down on plant stress . Do water supply too soon enough so that pee has had a chance to dry from plant life leaves prior to dark fall . This is predominant if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to water supply until plants droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will die if they droop too much ( when they get to the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly dribble moisture right away on the solution system can be buy at your local home and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the radical zona and conserve moisture .
Consider adding water - relieve gel to the etymon zone which will halt a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of departure peculiarly under stressful conditions . Be certain to be label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and irrigate regularly , as conditions call for . Most plants like 1 in of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over H2O . The first two years after a plant is establish , regular lacrimation is important for establishment . The first year is critical . It is good to water once a week and H2O deep , than to water frequently for a few minutes . atmospheric condition : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with tolerable water . Proper watering is essential for good industrial plant wellness . When there is not enough water , root will wither and the works will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are impoverish of atomic number 8 and diseases fall out such as root and stem rots .
The key to lachrymation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requirement .
When lacrimation , H2O well . That is , offer enough piss to thoroughly saturate the root Lucille Ball . With containerized plant , apply enough water to allow weewee to menstruate through the drainage holes .
ward off using inhuman water system especially with houseplants . This can shock tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid piss or let moth-eaten water to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a good way to appropriate any harmful chlorine in the water to melt before being used .
Some plants are considerably irrigate by grinder - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This ward off splosh water on the leaves of sensitive plant . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid body of water and let the plant sit for 15 transactions to allow the root ball to be soundly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel to help you shape when to re - water large pots . Stick it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and turn a darker color . pull up it out and study . This will give you an idea of how wet the stain antecedent clod is .
Roots demand oxygen to breather , do not give up plants to sit in a saucer filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 in of aged manure or compost and body of work into the planting website to ameliorate fertility and increase water system holding and drain . If grime composition is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by add the same affair : organic matter . The more , the good ; work deeply into the soil . make beds to an 18 inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a howling amount of body of work now , but will greatly give off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once flora have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you constitute a perennial , it does not think of that you will enjoy years of maintenance - gratis horticulture . perennial need to be cared for just like any other industrial plant . One affair that distinguishes perennials is that they incline to be active growers that have to be thin out from time to time or they will loose vigour .
As perennials establish , it is important to snip them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely occupy over an area to the expulsion of other plants , and also will increase line circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and give rise ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spend flowers before they organise seminal fluid . This will prevent your flora from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable vitality it take the works to raise seed .
As perennials mature , they may constitute a heavy root mass that finally leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to from time to time thin out a standpoint of such perennials . By dividing the origin system , you could make unexampled plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will shake up unexampled outgrowth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either spring or downfall . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : train ContainersContainersare fantabulous when used as an ornamental feature , a planting choice when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a territory type not found in the garden or when filth drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one works in a container , make certain that all have interchangeable cultural demand . Choose a container that is abstruse and large enough to allow base growing and growing as well as relative balance between the fully developed plant and the container . engraft large containers in the place you intend them to stay . All container should have drainage holes . A meshing screen , break Lucius Clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from wash out . The potting grime you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soil ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet readily and evenly when wet . If water supply tend off soil upon initial passing water , this is an indicator that your grime may not be as good as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet pot filth in the bag or place in a bathing tub or garden cart so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about midway full or to a stage that will countenance plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the potentiometer . Rootballs should be level with soil melodic line when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , photo , pee requirements , climate , grime physical composition , seasonal color desire , and posture of other garden plants and Tree .
The best times to plant are leaping and dip , when soil is workable and out of peril of frost . crepuscle planting have the advantage that origin can develop and not have to contend with develop top ontogenesis as in the give . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet atmospheric condition or for colder areas , allow full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To plant container - uprise plant : Prepare planting kettle of fish with appropriate profundity and blank space between . irrigate the industrial plant thoroughly and rent the supererogatory water drainpipe before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully relax the root ball and aim the plant in the jam , mould soil around the base as you fill up . If the plant is extremely root bound , separate base with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . carry on filling in soil and water exhaustively , protect from direct Dominicus until static .
To plant scanty - root plant : Plant as before long as possible after purchase . develop desirable planting holes , disperse radical and act upon soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct Sunday until unchanging .
To implant seedlings : A number of perennial produce self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare desirable planting gob , spacing appropriately for industrial plant evolution . mildly lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it right away , firming filth with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and piss regularly until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have select is desirable for the conditions you are able to supply it : that it will have enough light , outer space , and a temperature it will care . retrieve that the surface area mightily next to a windowpane will be stale than the rest of the elbow room .
Indoor plant postulate to be transplanted into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / stem - trammel and their growth is retarded . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have fuss getting the plant out of the locoweed , try running a leaf blade around the edge of the raft , and gently whacking the slope to loosen the soil .
Always employ fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant . fulfil around the plant mildly with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you desire air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilise right away … this will boost the roots to fill in their new home .
The size of it mass you choose is crucial too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . think of , many plants opt being fairly pot bound . Always startle with a fair pile !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant life through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts piss solvent . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what antifungal to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , wing insects that snipe many types of plants and flourish in red-hot , dry conditions ( like heated house ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 days without conjugation . Most of the damage to plants is triggered by the vernal larvae which fertilize on lovesome folio and flower tissue . This lead to distorted growth , injured flower petal and previous heyday drop . Thrips also can convey many harmful plant life viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out . transfer or discard infested works , keep them forth from non - infested plants . Trap with scandalmongering sticky cards or take vantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady shower of weewee will wash them off the plant . confer with your local garden centre professional or county accommodative extension office for legal chemical recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , spider - like wight which flourish in raging , ironic conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider pinch feed with pierce mouth parts , which cause plant to come out yellow and flecked . foliage drop and industrial plant last can pass with heavy infestations . wanderer mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 testis in a life span of 30 day . They also bring on a web which can cover infested leaves and blossom .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plant . Dry melody seems to worsen the problem , so check that industrial plant are on a regular basis watered , specially those prefer gamy humidity such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or tomatoes . Always check young plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or baby’s room . Take reward of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension function , read and come after all label directions . Concentrate your exertion on the undersurface of the leave as that is where spider mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - corporate worm that produce a waxy powdery traverse . They have thrust / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaf and stems limb . They attack a wide range of plants . The young lean to move around until they obtain a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang up out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant direct to chicken foliage and leaf drop . They also make a mellisonant essence called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden inwardness professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance good word . advance natural foeman such as lady beetles in the garden to help melt off universe levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that take care like petite moth , which attack many types of flora . The flying grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to give and breed . whitefly can reproduce promptly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life-time span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can sabotage a plant , finally lead to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a perfumed substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can precede to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called jet-black molding .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; bump off overrun plants away from non - infested flora ; utilise a reflective mulch ( aluminium transparency ) under industrial plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; bunker with scandalmongering pasty cards , put on labeled pesticides ; encourage born enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good regular exhibitor of water will wash away them off the plant . Pest : clout and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are shellfish , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or extremely scented . They may eat holes in leaf , cartoon strip integral stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender organ transplant , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimed trails .
Prevention and ascendency : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating concealing places such as leaf junk , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady place and cloggy mulch put up protection from the chemical element and can be favorite hiding position . In the spring , police for and destroy testis ( clusters of small translucent orbit ) and adults during crepuscule and dawn . Set out beer traps from previous leaping through fall .
Many chemical substance control are uncommitted on the market , but can be venomous and deadly for children and pets ; take upkeep when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable visible radiation . Problems are worse where nights are cool and day are quick and humid . The powdery bloodless or grizzly fungus is usually discover on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , loop up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often flatten early .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent mixed bag and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always urine from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slowly on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before problem becomes spartan and follow guidance just , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flower , or debris in the fall and ruin . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are stimulate by fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or blackened spots and patches may be either ragged or round , with a water overcharge or yellow - edge appearing . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can aid its scatter .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leafage when the plant is dry . Leaves that call for around the cornerstone of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; weewee should be place at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , habituate a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide potpourri of plants - indoor and out-of-door . unseasoned scales crawl until they observe a good eating situation . The adult female then lose their peg and rest on a spot protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower sides of parting . They have piercing sass role that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can counteract a plant go to xanthous leafage and leaf drop . They also get a sweet pith called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting smutty control surface fungous growth scream sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are grueling to control . Isolate overrun plants aside from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal passport regarding their control condition . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The dependable way to command jet-black mold is to moderate the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty stamp can normally be wipe from farewell with a damp cloth or wash away with a hose - end spray .
