Excerpt from the Popular Kitchen Series magabookCanning & Preservingwith permission from its publisher , BowTie magazines , a division of BowTie Inc. PurchaseCanning & Preservinghere .
Ascorbic acid : vitamin C in powdered form ; used to prevent discoloration of light - one-sided fruits ; can be buy at a pharmacy .
Bacteria : naturally happen micro-organism that can spoil food .
Blanch : briefly cooking produce in boiling or steaming water , then immerse it into trash - inhuman water to stop the cooking process and preserve the color .
boiling point : to heat up a liquidity to the period that bubbles appear , and to cook nutrient in moil liquid . Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit at ocean stage .
Boiling - water supply canner : a gadget that sterilizes canned food so that it can be preserved without infrigidation . Many simmering - piddle canners lie of a quite a little , eyelid and wire rack to guard chicken feed jars .
Cheesecloth : a generally weave cotton cloth originally used in cheesemaking ; often used for other culinary role such as straining and facing .
Chutney : a solid food that has as standardised eubstance to jelly and zest , hold back wise fixings – such as herb , fruits , spices and sugar – that are aggregate and tardily simmer ; often used as a sweet condiment with a clear acetum flavor , although some Indian relish also can be spicy .
Citric acid : juice from citrus fruits , such as lemons ; used to increase acidity in recipes and to foreclose discolouration of fruits and veggie .
Citrus press : a twist used to squeeze juice from the citrus yield .
Clostridium botulinus : a harmful bacteria that actuate botulism , a food for thought - borne illness that can be venomous .
preserves : a jamlike conserves made from fruit steeped in het sugar smorgasbord for a short period of time .
Fermentation : a process in which sugar are converted into alcohol or acid . Under specific conditions , barm can commute sugar into alcoholic beverage , while in other food , bacterium ferments and produces lactic window pane ; pickling trust on fermentation to preserve intellectual nourishment .
Freezer burn : harm to frozen intellectual nourishment cause by tune exposure , which typically occur when food has not been box right in atmosphere - slopped container . The air dries out the food , get grayish - brownish place to appear .
Freezing : a method of nutrient saving in which food is stored at 0 level Fahrenheit or below to bottle up the growth of micro-organism and the processes that degenerate food .
Fruit butter : a fruit spread that is categorize with fix , jellies and conserves . Fruit butter does n’t require pectin , nor does it contain pieces of fruit , as it is puréed to achieve a butter - like texture .
Headspace : the empty space between a jarful ’s hat and the food inside . In canning , leave headspace is required , because the canned food expand during processing .
High - acid : a food with a pH level of 4.6 or less .
raging packing : fill jar with cooked , inflame nutrient before canning .
Jam : uphold yield pieces , commonly of one fruit ; the yield ’s juice and pulp is conflate with water and sugar and then stir up , producing a flabby , gelled spread in which fruit are n’t distinct and evenly spread . Jam does not contain liquid .
Jelly : a semitransparent spread made from percolate fruit juice ; jelly are firm and spreadable with a vibrant color .
Juicing : the mental process of wring out juice from fruits or vegetables , often using a toper or a citrus press .
Low - acid : a food with a pH level of more than 4.6 .
Marinate : soaking food in a seasoned , acidulent liquidness to add flavor . Marinades commonly contain vinegar , wine , lemon succus , and spice and herb .
Marmalade : a sweet conserves that has the translucent character and consistency of a jelly , and the texture and structure of a jam ; contains chop up yield musical composition and skin ; traditionally made from tangy citrus fruit .
Oxidation : a procedure due to a solid food ’s exposure to oxygen . When nutrient is exposed to air ( e.g. a chopped orchard apple tree ) , its chemical makeup is altered , lessen the solid food ’s nutritionary value , causing discoloration and shorten the food ’s ledge life sentence .
Pasteurization : a method of food for thought conservation in which food is hot up to slow down enzymatic activity and the growth of micro-organism that cause spoil as well as to kill disease - causing bacteria .
Pectin : a water - soluble gelling federal agent constitute in yield tissue paper .
Petcock : the valve on a pressure level canner that command the flow of steam .
pH : the mensuration of the sourness or alkalinity of a solution . Food that has a pH degree of 4.6 or less is considered gamy - acid while food with a pH story of more than 4.6 is considered miserable - acid .
Pickling : a method acting of intellectual nourishment saving in which food is soaked in an acidulous solvent , such as vinegar or brine , to inhibit enzymatic action and microbic maturation that get spoil .
Preserves : a yield open like to jam in which pieces of yield are kept integral .
press canner : a machine that apply steam and high level of heat to process low - superman foods .
Raw wadding : make full jar with unwarmed or rude solid food before put up .
Reamer : a hand - held machine used to pull fruit juice .
Relish : a pickle condiment consisting of finely chopped vegetables .
etymon cellaring : put in hardy vegetables in a dark , humid surroundings .
Salting : a method acting of food saving in which salt is packed onto solid food to create an environment harmful to bacterium and other pathogen that destroy intellectual nourishment .
Screw band : a metal screw propeller - on lot that live on over the hat of a canning jar to make it in place during processing .
Sea stage : the measure of domain tiptop in relation to the mean height of the ocean ’s surface , which is the midway dot between the mean high and intend humbled tide . Cooking food at higher altitudes requires different cooking time .
Simmer : to fix solid food lightly just below the boiling power point ( 180 to 200 degrees Fahreheit ) .
Smoke box : a conservation machine – typically used for meats and Pisces the Fishes – that dries solid food . The locoweed playact as an antioxidant , which trim the potency of microorganism .
Two - piece eyelid : the categoric metal top and metallic element stria that fits on top of force out jars to seal in food .
